| Gene Symbol | GGT1 |
|---|---|
| Entrez Gene | 2678 |
| Alt Symbol | CD224, D22S672, D22S732, GGT, GGT 1, GTG |
| Species | Human |
| Gene Type | protein-coding |
| Description | gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 |
| Other Description | gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase 1|glutathione hydrolase 1|leukotriene-C4 hydrolase |
| Swissprots | Q08247 Q14404 Q9UMK1 P19440 Q8TBS1 |
| Accessions | CAA07266 CAA07485 CAA07486 CAA07487 CAA07536 P19440 AL832738 AU077341 BC025927 AAH25927 BC035341 BC065921 AAH65921 BC069326 AAH69326 BC069473 AAH69473 BC069504 AAH69504 BC128234 AAI28235 BC128238 AAI28239 BC128239 AAI28240 BM673976 BU157907 BU164348 CD625024 CR456494 CAG30380 CU013091 CAK54522 CU013379 CAK54821 DQ000492 DQ893412 ABM84338 DQ895950 ABM86876 HY003521 J04131 AAA52547 J05235 AAA35889 L20490 AAA02884 L20493 AAA02886 L20494 AAA02887 M24087 AAA35899 M24903 AAA52546 X60069 CAA42674 NM_013421 NP_038265 NM_013430 NP_038347 NM_001032364 NM_001032365 NM_005265 NM_001288833 NP_001275762 |
| Function | Cleaves the gamma-glutamyl bond of extracellular glutathione (gamma-Glu-Cys-Gly), glutathione conjugates, and other gamma-glutamyl compounds. The metabolism of glutathione releases free glutamate and the dipeptide, cysteinyl-glycine, which is hydrolyzed to cysteine and glycine by dipeptidases. In the presence of high concentrations of dipeptides and some amino acids, can also catalyze a transpeptidation reaction, transferring the gamma-glutamyl moiety to an acceptor amino acid to form a new gamma-glutamyl compound. Initiates extracellular glutathione (GSH) breakdown, provides cells with a local cysteine supply and contributes to maintain intracellular GSH level. It is part of the cell antioxidant defense mechanism. Isoform 3 seems to be inactive. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:20622017, ECO:0000269|PubMed:24047895, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7673200, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7759490, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8095045, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8827453}. |
| Subcellular Location | Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:23682772, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8095045}; Single-pass type II membrane protein {ECO:0000269|PubMed:23682772, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8095045}. |
| Tissue Specificity | Detected in fetal and adult kidney and liver, adult pancreas, stomach, intestine, placenta and lung. Isoform 3 is lung-specific. There are several other tissue-specific forms that arise from alternative promoter usage but that produce the same protein. |
| Top Pathways | Taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, Glutathione metabolism, Arachidonic acid metabolism, Cyanoamino acid metabolism |