| Gene Symbol | ENPP2 |
|---|---|
| Entrez Gene | 5168 |
| Alt Symbol | ATX, ATX-X, AUTOTAXIN, LysoPLD, NPP2, PD-IALPHA, PDNP2 |
| Species | Human |
| Gene Type | protein-coding |
| Description | ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 2 |
| Other Description | E-NPP 2|autotaxin-t|ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 2|extracellular lysophospholipase D|phosphodiesterase I/nucleotide pyrophosphatase 2|plasma lysophospholipase D |
| Swissprots | Q15117 A8UHA1 Q13827 Q9UCR0 Q14555 Q13822 Q9UCR4 E9PHP7 Q9UCR1 Q9UCR3 Q9UCR2 Q9UCQ8 |
| Accessions | AAB00855 BAA08342 CCF77047 CCF77048 CCF77049 CCQ43347 EAW91986 EAW91987 EAW91988 EAW91989 EAW91990 Q13822 AA256687 AI339551 AI375195 AK124910 AK130313 AK296027 BAG58795 AK315253 AL544867 BC034961 AAH34961 BM694754 BQ365938 BU731264 CA390514 D45421 BAA08260 DA919550 DA922156 DB468753 DC338843 DQ891628 ABM82554 DQ894819 ABM85745 EU131011 ABW38316 L35594 AAA64785 XM_006716584 XP_006716647 XM_006716585 XP_006716648 XM_006716586 XP_006716649 XM_006716587 XP_006716650 NM_001040092 NP_001035181 NM_001130863 NP_001124335 NM_006209 NP_006200 NR_045555 |
| Function | Hydrolyzes lysophospholipids to produce lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) in extracellular fluids. Major substrate is lysophosphatidylcholine. Also can act on sphingosylphosphphorylcholine producing sphingosine-1-phosphate, a modulator of cell motility. Can hydrolyze, in vitro, bis-pNPP, to some extent pNP-TMP, and barely ATP. Involved in several motility- related processes such as angiogenesis and neurite outgrowth. Acts as an angiogenic factor by stimulating migration of smooth muscle cells and microtubule formation. Stimulates migration of melanoma cells, probably via a pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein. May have a role in induction of parturition. Possible involvement in cell proliferation and adipose tissue development. Tumor cell motility-stimulating factor. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11559573, ECO:0000269|PubMed:1733949, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21240271}. |
| Subcellular Location | Secreted {ECO:0000269|PubMed:15769751}. Note=Secreted by most body fluids including serum and CSF. Also by adipocytes and numerous cancer cells. |
| Tissue Specificity | Predominantly expressed in brain, placenta, ovary, and small intestine. Expressed in a number of carcinomas such as hepatocellular and prostate carcinoma, neuroblastoma and non-small-cell lung cancer. Expressed in body fluids such as plasma, cerebral spinal fluid (CSF), saliva, follicular and amniotic fluids. Not detected in leukocytes. Isoform 1 is more highly expressed in peripheral tissues than in the central nervous system (CNS). Adipocytes only express isoform 1. Isoform 3 is more highly expressed in the brain than in peripheral tissues. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:18175805, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8579579, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8586446}. |
| Top Pathways | Ether lipid metabolism |
Autotaxin CRISPR/Cas9 KO Plasmid (h) - sc-401889 from Santa Cruz Biotechnology
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Autotaxin HDR Plasmid (h) - sc-401889-HDR from Santa Cruz Biotechnology
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Autotaxin Double Nickase Plasmid (h) - sc-401889-NIC from Santa Cruz Biotechnology
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Autotaxin Double Nickase Plasmid (h2) - sc-401889-NIC-2 from Santa Cruz Biotechnology
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Autotaxin CRISPR Activation Plasmid (h) - sc-401889-ACT from Santa Cruz Biotechnology
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Autotaxin CRISPR Activation Plasmid (h2) - sc-401889-ACT-2 from Santa Cruz Biotechnology
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Autotaxin Lentiviral Activation Particles (h) - sc-401889-LAC from Santa Cruz Biotechnology
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Autotaxin Lentiviral Activation Particles (h2) - sc-401889-LAC-2 from Santa Cruz Biotechnology
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Autotaxin siRNA (h) - sc-44906 from Santa Cruz Biotechnology
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Autotaxin shRNA Plasmid (h) - sc-44906-SH from Santa Cruz Biotechnology
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Autotaxin shRNA (h) Lentiviral Particles - sc-44906-V from Santa Cruz Biotechnology
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MISSION® esiRNA - EHU073321 from Sigma-Aldrich
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MISSION® Human Phosphatase - SIHP0165 from Sigma-Aldrich
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MISSION® Human Phosphatase - SIHP0163 from Sigma-Aldrich
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MISSION® Human Phosphatase - SIHP0164 from Sigma-Aldrich
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MISSION® Human Phosphatase - SIHP0950 from Sigma-Aldrich
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CompoZr® Knockout ZFN Kit - CKOZFN7881 from Sigma-Aldrich
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CompoZr® Knockout ZFN Kit, ZFN plasmid only - CKOZFND7881 from Sigma-Aldrich
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MISSION® 3′UTR Lenti GoClone™ - HUTR04636 from Sigma-Aldrich
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ENPP2 siRNA (Human) - CRH3448 from Cohesion Biosciences
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ENPP-2/Autotaxin RNAi - H00005168-R02 from Novus Biologicals
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ENPP2 - MBS8223955 from MyBioSource
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shRNA set against Human ENPP2 (NM_006209.4) - SHH285925 from Creative biogene
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ENPP2 shRNA Plasmid (Human) - CHH3448 from Cohesion Biosciences
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ENPP2 miRNA 3'UTR clone - MiUTR3H-03848 from Creative biogene
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